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Time of Flight Diffraction (TOFD)

Time of Flight Diffraction (TOFD) is a reliable and fastest method of nondestructive ultrasonic testing (UT) used to look for flaws in welds. TOFD uses the time of flight of an ultrasonic pulse to find the location of a reflector. It can also be used for weld overlays and the heat affected zones of other components as well such as piping, pressure vessels, clad material, storage tanks and structural steel. PAUT + TOFD combination is commonly used to inspect pipeline welds. To do this, TOFD uses a pair of ultrasonic transducers, one as a transmitter and the other as a receiver. The low frequency waves propagate at an angle and only diffract back to the receiver if they hit a defect. If this happens, the time it takes for both waves to make it to the receiver can be used to create a complete image of the weld and identify the size and location of the damage. Advantages are, high degree of repeatability, no radiation, higher POD, cost saving, more sensitive, Quick setup, precise sizing.

Application

TOFD is widely used in Oil & gas Industry, nuclear, (Refinery’s, Petrochemicals of piping, pressure vessels, clad material, In-service weld inspection)

FAQs:

TOFD uses two ultrasonic probes placed on opposite sides of a weld; one emits sound waves while the other receives diffracted signals from defect edges. By measuring the time taken for these signals to return, defect size and location can be accurately determined.

TOFD is used on metals like steel, aluminum, and titanium, making it ideal for weld inspections, pressure vessels, and pipeline integrity assessments.

TOFD is widely used in industries such as oil and gas, nuclear power, and construction for weld inspection, pipeline monitoring, and structural integrity assessments.