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Magnetic Flux Leakage (MFL) is a non-destructive testing method used to detect and assess corrosion, erosion, and other forms of wall loss in ferromagnetic materials, such as steel pipelines, storage tanks, and vessels. A magnetic field is induced into the material being inspected using permanent magnets or electromagnets.
Sensors, typically Hall Effect sensors or magnetic field detectors, are placed on the surface of the material to measure the magnetic flux density. These sensors are arranged in an array to cover the entire surface being inspected.
The inspection tool, often called a "pig" in the case of pipelines, is inserted into the material, and it moves along the length of the material being inspected. As it moves, the sensors measure the magnetic flux leakage from the material's surface. Any deviations in the magnetic flux pattern, caused by changes in the material's thickness or the presence of defects like corrosion or erosion, are detected by the sensors.
The data collected by the sensors is analyzed to identify and characterize any anomalies detected during the inspection. This may involve determining the location, size, and severity of defects. The findings from the MFL inspection are documented in a report, which may include the location and dimensions of any detected anomalies, as well as recommendations for further action, such as repair or maintenance.
MFL is widely used in industries such as oil and gas, petrochemical, and pipeline transportation to assess the integrity of metallic structures and ensure safe and reliable operation. It is a valuable tool for detecting and monitoring corrosion and erosion, particularly in inaccessible or hard-to-reach areas, without the need for surface preparation or direct contact with the material being inspected.
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